磨损表现在织物的形态变化主要是破损、质量的损失、外观出现变色、起毛起球等变化。纺织产品的耐磨性能检测有多种方法，例如平磨法、曲磨法、折边磨法和复合磨法等。马丁代尔法属于平磨法的一种，被广泛应用于服装、家用纺织品、装饰织物、家具用织物的耐磨性检测。测试样品在规定压力下与标准磨布进行摩擦。在预定转动次数后，被测样品与参考实样进行比较对其耐磨性能进行评级。

一、织物耐磨性能的评定
织物耐磨性能的评定，通常有以下几种方法：
1、观察外观性能的变化
一般采用在相同的试验条件下，经过规定次数的磨损后，观察试样表面光泽、起毛、起球等外观效应的变化，通常与标准样品对照来评定其等级。也可以采用经过磨损后，用式样表面出现一定根数的沙线断裂，或试样表面出现一定大小的破洞所需要的摩擦次数，作为评定依据。
2、测定物理性能的变化
将试样经过规定的磨损次数后，测定其重量、厚度、断裂强度等物理机械性能的变化，来比较织物的耐磨程度。

二、织物耐磨性能的现行标准
由于各国家、区域性标准系列不同，马丁代尔测试仪所适用的测试标准可以分成国际标准、美国、欧标、中国标准等。
具体现行具体标准如下：
1、国际标准
ISO 12947-1:1998 EN? <javascript:;>: Textiles — Determination of the abrasion resistance of fabrics by the?Martindale?methodPart 1:Martindale?abrasion testing apparatus
ISO 12947-3:1998 EN: Textiles — Determination of the abrasion resistance of fabrics by the Martindale methodPart 3:Determination of mass loss
ISO 12947-4:1998 EN: Textiles — Determination of the abrasion resistance of fabrics by the Martindale methodPart 4:Assessment of appearance change
ISO 5470-2-2003:Rubber- or plastics-coated fabrics — Determination of abrasion resistancePart 2:Martindale abrader
ISO 17076-2:2011 EN? <javascript:;> ：Leather — Determination of abrasion resistancePart 2:Martindale?ball plate method
ISO 12945-2:2000 EN: Textiles — Determination of fabric propensity to surface fuzzing and to pillingPart 2:Modified Martindale method
 ISO 11856:2014 EN  ：Textile floor coverings - Test methods for the determination of fibre bind us

2、美国标准
AS 3789.6-1996：Textiles for health care facilities and institutions Fabric specifications
AS 2687-1997: Textiles - Upholstery fabrics for domestic and commercial use (excluding face-coated fabrics)
AS 2001.2.25.1-2006 ：Methods of test for textiles Physical tests - Determination of the abrasion resistance of fabrics by the Martindale method - Martindale abrasion testing apparatus
AS 2001.2.25.2-2006：Methods of test for textiles Physical tests - Determination of the abrasion resistance of fabrics by the Martindale method - Determination of specimen breakdown
AS 2001.2.25.3-2006? <javascript:;>Martindale?method? <javascript:;>Current ：Methods of test for textiles Physical tests - Determination of the abrasion resistance of fabrics by the Martindale method - Determination of mass loss
AS 2001.2.25.4-2006：Methods of test for textiles Physical tests - Determination of the abrasion resistance of fabrics by the Martindale method - Assessment of appearance change
AS 60068.2.70-2003: Environmental testing Tests - Test Xb: Abrasion of markings and letterings caused by rubbing of fingers and hands　　
AS/NZS 4967:2009 ：Protective clothing for firefighters - Requirements and test methods for protective clothing used for structural firefighting
AS/NZS 2161.6:2014：Occupational protective gloves Protective gloves for structural firefighting - Laboratory test methods and performance requirements

3、欧洲标准
　BS EN ISO 12947-1:1998：Textiles. Determination of the abrasion resistance of fabrics by the Martindale method. Martindale abrasion testing apparatus
BS EN ISO 12947-2:1998: Textiles. Determination of the abrasion resistance of fabrics by the Martindale method. Determination of specimen breakdown
BS EN ISO 12947-3:1998: Textiles. Determination of the abrasion resistance of fabrics by the Martindale method. Determination of mass loss
BS EN ISO 12947-4:1998: Textiles. Determination of the abrasion resistance of fabrics by the Martindale method. Assessment of appearance change
BS EN ISO 5470-2:2003: Rubber- or plastics-coated fabrics. Determination of abrasion resistance. Martindale abrader
BS EN ISO 12945-2:2000: Textiles. Determination of fabric propensity to surface fuzzing and to pilling. Modified Martindale method
 BS EN ISO 17076-2:2011: Leather. Determination of abrasion resistance. Martindale ball plate method
BS EN ISO 26082-1:2012: Leather. Physical and mechanical test methods for the determination of soiling. Rubbing (Martindale) method

4、中国国家标准
GB/T 19089-2012? <javascript:;>橡胶或塑料涂覆织物　耐磨性的测定　马丁代尔法? <javascript:;>
GB/T 19089-2012? <javascript:;>橡胶或塑料涂覆织物　耐磨性的测定　马丁代尔法? <javascript:;>；
GB/T 21196.1-2007? <javascript:;>1部分：马丁代尔耐磨试验仪? <javascript:;>
GB/T 4802.2-2008? <javascript:;>纺织品　织物起毛起球性能的测定　第2部分：改型马丁代尔法? <javascript:;>
GB/T 21196.2-2007: 纺织品　马丁代尔法织物耐磨性的测定　第2部分：试样破损的测定
GB/T 21196.3-2007 纺织品　马丁代尔法织物耐磨性的测定　第3部分：质量损失的测定
GB/T 21196.4-2007? <javascript:;>纺织品　马丁代尔法织物耐磨性的测定　第4部分：外观变化的评定? <javascript:;>
FZ/T 01123-2014? <javascript:;>纺织品　耐磨性能试验　折边磨法? <javascript:;>
GB/T 21196.2-2007? <javascript:;>纺织品　马丁代尔法织物耐磨性的测定　第2部分：试样破损的测定现行 <javascript:;>
GB/T 21196.3-2007? <javascript:;>纺织品　马丁代尔法织物耐磨性的测定　第3部分：质量损失的测定? <javascript:;>
GB/T 3903.16-2008? <javascript:;>鞋类　帮面、衬里和内垫试验方法　耐磨性能? <javascript:;>
GB/T 13775-1992  棉、麻、绢丝机织物耐磨试验方法
GB/T 25262-2010硫化橡胶或热塑性橡胶　磨耗试验指南 

以上给出的标准，是国际现行的几个有影响力的标准化组织发布的织物耐磨性测试-马丁代尔方法的标准。其中，国际标准采用欧盟标准。中国国家标准修改采用国际标准化组织标准，检测方法基本上等同国际标准化组织标准规定，只是标准的适用范围增加了涂层织物，并针对涂层织物的检测，增加相应的涂层织物破损规定、摩擦负荷参数、标准磨料和标准磨料更换要求。实际情况中可根据需要选择相应的测试标准及方法。

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